Here are some examples I can think of (keep in mind I'm pretty new to Oblivion mods, I only got it on PC this year after playing it mainly on the Xbox):
The grittier combat with finishing moves: 'Deadly Reflex'
The new wildlife and environmental improvements: 'Natural Environments'/'Unique Landscapes'
The new leveling system: 'Better Levelling?'
Bar fights: 'Bar fights' pretty obvious
NPC's animating during speech: Personality Idles (although I'm pretty sure this is just a natural progression from Fallout 3)
Anymore?