I doubt a DX10 renderer would improve the framerate in any noticeable way. The renderer is just a small part of the overall engine, and the rest would work as it does now.
DirectX 10 and DirectX 11 both improved the efficiency of the API when handling things like lighting, shadows, and volumetric particle effects. The effect is noticeable in a few games in which the version is selectable. Of course, it would help if these things weren't rendered partly in software by the gods forsaken Gamebryo engine (including the modified version used by Skyrim).
But hey, this is primarily a console game anyway. Bethesda will show zero interest in using anything but last gen graphics until the next Xbox comes out.