just wondering if this applies to conjured weapons.

It should. Its effectively a daedric weapon, just conjured.

Is it effectively a daedric weapon in terms of base damage before or after the conjuration perk that buffs the damage of it?

After the conjuration buff. Prior to that, it's more like steel-elven-ish in power. Can't smith or enchant it aside from that perk, of course, but 1-handed skill and talents applying to swords do affect it.

Yes it does.

Good. So my dual wield mageblade (dual wielding Bound Swords) with enchanting will be approximately as potent as a standard 1h + Smithing.

1h, Conj, Alteration, win.

My little Breton dude liked to play with sharp objects, but metal ones never felt right. Kid was too attuned to magicka, but now he can use the swords he's always dreamed of.