I would appreciate any information that is given relating to this quest as the bug prevents the next quest from starting called "Containment". I'm not sure if reloading will help as I have tried it at least three or four times but I would still like to know if it worked for others.

at some point in the quest line, not sure if it's where you're referring, though.

I know he is supposed to die but not this early in the questline. I looked up the whole questline even after I was told to meet he outside to only find him dead.

Exactly, you're supposed to find his dead body outside and then Tolfdir tells you the bad news