Yea there might be books but they cant get college education, and there reallt cant be scientists as there are no colleges... plus life is too short for wastelanders to really get an education, they would first try to survive before actually learning, meaning they wont have alot of time to learn, and also if wastelanders take baths with irradiated water, wouldnt they be ghouls by now???
Bull puckey, plain and simple. You wouldn't last very long in a disaster struck place like Haiti, or the US after WW3.
Some of the most influential, respected, and prolific minds of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries had little more than a grade school education....a few, even less than that! A few of them never even had access to any sort of books on advanced theory regarding anything. They came to their conclusions and realizations about the physical world around them through intuition, common sense, and a strong grasp of what works and what doesn't.
Furthermore only an extremely dense or shortsighted person would reject access to past knowledge as being unimportant in the face of survival. Humans know that knowledge often *IS* survival. A person with half a brain would spend their evenings by the fire learning to read whatever ancient texts they could find and understand any holotapes or computer entries they came across, in addition to attending to the immediate needs of survival.
Something as easily dismissed as an old Boy Scout Explorers manual would take on an importance on a level with the ten commandments in a war ravaged world, and whoever possessed...and could read...such an object would tend to be on the forefront of society, both in terms of survival, personal wealth, and influence among other survivors.
James was a scientist. That intimates he came from a background with access to technology and information. What exactly that background is, is left for us to wonder. He himself could be a vault dweller, or an escapee from the Pitt, or a former Lamplighter, or he could be from the Commonwealth, or the West Coast...all places where the savvy could find huge amounts of information to learn, not to mention technology to take apart and mess with. Personally, I figure James hails from the West Coast, and has probably at least BEEN TO the Commonwealth.