My choices:
1.) I honestly prefer close-quarters-combat over ranged, because it works better and it's incredibly easier than using a gun. But, I still like to play it safe and have both, so I keep a gun and a knife with me at all times.
2.) Pistols usually work best, because some are incredibly accurate and I have about as much luck with hitting a target at 200 meters with a 9mm versus a Brush Gun.
3.) Unarmed weapons I've found are incredibly more useful than Melee. Along with the fact that you can use special techniques you learn from various characters across the Wasteland, most of them are incredibly powerful.
4.) Plasma has always been my favorite in Fallout, and considering I just learned what plasma actually is a few days ago, I'm more enthused to use it!