Where is the closest hideout I can find (from the beginning of the game)?

Or, what would be the bare minimum requirements to procure a hideout?

There's an abandoned house in the middle of Goodsprings. It's not considered "yours" in that the bed you sleep in doesn't grant you the Well-Rested status, but otherwise it's a free place to eat, sleep, and store your junk.

Victors house in goodsprings...there's also a motel room in novac you can have the key to if you do the quest for boone.