Yes, you can use the command http://cs.elderscrolls.com/index.php/PlayGroup, followed by the http://cs.elderscrolls.com/index.php/AnimGroups and any flags you want to use (see playgroup page).
For example; bring up the console, click on the NPC so his ID shows at the top of the screen, type in playgroup attackbow 1 and the NPC should go into bow ready anim.
Commands can be used in scripts along with the NPC ref ID's.