What does each one stand for

Begin with this, it covers the basics: http://www.imperial-library.info/mwbooks/book_of_daedra.shtml
The only Prince that is not mentioned in that book is Jyggalag, Prince of Order. This guy hates the mortal world and wants to reduce the cosmos to a predictable grey world.

For a more detailed version check out this:http://www.imperial-library.info/book_daedra/
It has almost everything you need to know about the Daedric Princes.