How do they stick to your back? Thing like bows, greatswords, and warhammers shouldn't just stick to you like a giant magnet. Can it be assumed that there are hooks or something being used? Is it maybe a more complicated procedure than what is portrayed ingame?

Its a gameplay element. There isn't a whole lot more to it then that.

I never really thought of that, but greatswords are in sheathes so you strap it to your back.
As for warhammers and battleaxes, no clue. But this is a fantasy world so magic might have something to do with it

Don't over-think it. It's a design decision made by the Developers not a magic spell created by the Mages Guild.

I imagine the straps. With my imagination.

Rumblings of agreement.

In the medieval world, sheathes were more for show and general protection outside battle than anything else. If you knew you were going into combat, you'd put a nice ring on your belt and stick the sword or whatever through that. Other weapons you just had to carry (a polearm) or put over your shoulder (bow).

In fact, the Draugr in Skyrim can be seen using the ring-sheathe method. Just sneak up on one and you'll see.

Gameplay does not equal lore.