So, In Morrowind, Crossbows were a fairly popular weapon. No where near as exclusive as they were in Skyrim. The technology was seemingly lost for a couple hundred years as they were completely absent in Oblivion.
In the Newest Elder Scrolls online trailer, there are these mechanical bridge building harpoons that help the attackers storm where ever they are storming. Bear in mind the game takes place about 1000 years before Skyrim.
It seems like technology just kind of goes where it wants to in the Elder Scrolls universe.