I wanted to return to Solstheim with the ferry and paid the 250 gold and they were deducted from my wallet with the proper confirmation sound, then the loading screen appeared for maybe 1 or 2 seconds and when the screen was back, i was still standing in Solsteheim.
I've already seen that some steam users encountered this bug as well and they have to remove a file.
Do i have to delete the game installation as well for this or is there any other way to fix this issue, if there even is one yet.

Why not just fast travel back to Skyrim. There is a marker there.

i would bet that your character is over-encumbered, right? drop some stuff of yours away somewhere, then travel... even the boat option will NOT work if youre overencumbered as it for some reason counts as fast travelling...