For console users, most people accidentally lose artifact items and if they want to do the quest to get it back, they have to load up a save that is so far back, they may as well start a new file.
Pc users can easily use console command to retrieve the item back, but console users lose access to such items forever.
I think for the next elder scrolls game, the devs should include a vendor that will always sell artifact items you've acquired throughout the quests you've done so that in case you lost it, you can always buy it from the vendor. The vendor will only have the item in stock if you've picked it up from its respective quest or such.