You should be able to completely uninstall MSGO and still use the same Save file.
MSGO is mostly replacers, which has no bearing on a Save file. Although this does largely depend on the Options you chose.
But either way, I can't think of anything in MSGO that would cause problems for a Save file. Just be sure you also Update and Repair your save file with Wrye Mash. Which is standard practice for adding/removing any mod mid-game.
Morrowind is an old game, not designed for modern PCs. Most people can run a modded Skyrim better than a modded Morrowind.
MGE's Distant Land, any shaders, and animated grass are the main killers of performance.
TR is the (currently unfinished) mainland of Morrowind.
http://elderscrolls.net/morrowind/tamriel-rebuilt/images/main/Releases.png is probably outdated, but basically Telvannis, Antideluvian, and Sacred East have been officially released.
That is a huge chunk of land, with lots to see and explore. It's not just "different islands" floating out in the sea.
There are other Alpha releases (very unfinished areas) that are also available, and I think that's what you're asking about. But those areas are more like showcases, not exactly suited for you to take your character and expect to have adventures.