I think it was discussed some time ago on the topic of soulgems, that black souls (souls under Arkey's Law) go to whomever created the black soul gem, so let's say a soul gem was "corrupted" and turned into a black soulgem by Bal, then the human souls within are sent to him. If the black soulgem was created by the Ideal Masters, the soul would go to them, and so on...
There's also to keep in mind that there's probably not just one spell/method to trap a soul, so yeah, he probably used a special spell made to send souls directly to Bal.
I also think it was said somewhere that Molag Bal was the one who originally created soul trapping as a form of domination.
Imperial Census of Daedra Lords, IIRC, notes that Bal is only respected for the creation of the first soul gem.