Iain M. Banks. The Culture novels. My work here is complete.
The A Space Odyssey novels are pretty good. I once read http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3001:_The_Final_Odyssey in high school and remember it described the moon Europa very imaginatively. And don't forget, if you didn't already, to watch 2001: A Space Odyssey. It's super trippy.
This isn't conclusive, just some examples of what I enjoyed (check out other publications from the authors)
Ender's Game
by Orson Scott Card
Xenocide
by Orson Scott Card
Ender's Shadow
by Orson Scott Card
Children of the Mind
by Orson Scott Card
Nemesis Nemesis (Mass Market Paperback)
by Isaac Asimov
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
by Douglas Adams
The restaurant at the end of the universe
by Douglas Adams
Life, the Universe and Everything
by Douglas Adams
So Long, and Thanks for All the Fish
by Douglas Adams
Out of the Silent Planet
by C.S. Lewis
The Borders of Infinity
by Lois McMaster Bujold
Brothers in Arms
by Lois McMaster Bujold
Mirror Dance
by Lois McMaster Bujold
The Dosadi Experiment
by Frank Herbert
Foundation
by Isaac Asimov
Foundation and Empire
by Isaac Asimov
Second Foundation
by Isaac Asimov
Pebble in the Sky
by Isaac Asimov
The Robots of Dawn
by Isaac Asimov
Nightfall
by Isaac Asimov
Endymion
by Dan Simmons
The Rise of Endymion
by Dan Simmons
The Precipice
by Ben Bova
Moonrise
by Ben Bova
Speaker for the Dead
by Orson Scott Card
The Hydrogen Sonata
by Iain M. Banks
Starship Troopers
by Robert A. Heinlein
Friday
by Robert A. Heinlein
The Number of the Beast
by Robert A. Heinlein
The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress
by Robert A. Heinlein
R Is for Rocket
by Ray Bradbury
The Martian Chronicles
by Ray Bradbury
Out of the Silent Planet
by C.S. Lewis
Perelandra
by C.S. Lewis
That Hideous Strength
by C.S. Lewis
A Wrinkle in Time
by Madeleine L'Engle
A Wind in the Door
by Madeleine L'Engle
Thanks Andy! There are a few jewels in there I still haven't read. Check out these one as well:
1. Larry Niven - Ringworld
2. Arthur C. Clarke - Rendezvous with Rama
3. Stanislaw Lem - Solaris