I was trying to continue on the main quest at level 8 and at first when going up to high hrothgar i encountered a frost troll and he pretty much killed me instantly. I looked up to see what level he was and uesp says that frost trolls are level 22 how am i suppose to deal with an npc that is 14 levels higher then me or am i not doing something right? My perks are one hander and light armor i have all leather armor on cause that is the only thing available. I thought the enemies in the world scale to your level.

Many types of enemies do indeed scale, but the scaling isn't necessarily 1:1 with player level, they may have a range of levels, or even a fixed level.

If you encounter an enemy that you can't beat, turn around and return later, after gaining levels and acquiring better equipment. There are many other things to do in Skyrim that just the Main Quest.

You may be thinking of Oblivion. In general, there is less aggressive scaling in Skyrim than there was in, say, Oblivion. Some enemies are scaled, others are not.

I'm used to playing RPGs that require players to come back at a later level. So the Troll didn't faze me. My first reaction was to gain a couple more levels and come back. Later on, I started to sneak past the Troll. You can also hop around on rocks to stay out of his aggro range.

I thought being level 8 would be high enough level to do the first few quests in the main story.

I also tried doing all the dungeons in the area of whiterun now im not sure which area i should go to next to do some dungeon grinding.

Why not luring the frost troll to your location and running past him while evading his attacks? You don't have to beat him if you can't.

Design-wise, it's a BAD Idea to have players hopelessly outmatched. Most players can stand only so many times where their best efforts leave them pounded into the dirt. So generally casual combat encounters are scaled to be only 80-90% of the the character's potential. The exception are for scripted battles with a varying degree of Big Bosses. Those are usually well-advertised as being, "You better be pretty powerful if you are planning to take on _______." Also most often, characters aren't even allowed to access such encounters unless they are at least Level X. This is why "simple" opponents like skeevers require a significantly greater amount of damage to defeat when met at Level 20 than they are at Level 5. For the most part, Very Easy battles aren't "fun" if there is no challenge whatsoever.

Some creatures in some places (roads, ruins etc) are fixed but most of them scale with you ..i encountered this troll you mention just before Hrothgar when i was level 4 (died like 20 times) and when i was in higher levels....For e.g in Lost valkygg near Labyrinthian there are leveled draugrs and a deathlord (i think) boss no matter what level you are.. so i guess you can just bypass them for now : ) or run!