My experience on very hard is that the laser rifle with all the mods using optimized ammo is the best weapon for killing deathclaws.
Now my energy weapon users go with fast shot, built to destroy and I never use VATS. Luck is 7+ and I take finesse and better criticals at the earliest opportunity, as well as laser commander.
My tactic is to approach from stealth, identify the path that the deathclaw will come at me from and set up such that their path will be straight towards me, not across my field of view. This makes your follow up shots much easier. You have 24 shots loaded and can fire them off at 4 per second, the first two or three will get the deathclaw before he has a chance to react. I also normally aim for center of mass, no fancy headshots that can miss but just sure things. Once the chest is crippled every subsequent shot to the chest will casue the deathclaw to pause and go into a stagger animation which will slow his approach and also make it easier to shoot him again.
With the 24 shots a single deathclaw will get dropped before he gets to you as long as you do not miss too much.
Now if a deathclaw gets the jump on you the better weapon to use at shorter range is the modded tri-laser with optimized. It has more spread and only iron sights so it is not as good at long range but at short range it outputs a lot more damage in a short period of time and also has a large number of shots available without reloading.
I personally never liked to use a gatling laser as their damage per shot is low and the DT of 15 really cuts down their damage. Even max charge only gets past 10 DT leaving you with 30-40% of the damage being stopped. Also the max charge ammo uses a lot to make and wears out the weapons extremely fast. Also I'm lazy so I just like to use one ammo for everything and optimized does that just fine.
The slow travel speed of plasma bolts can make for a lot of misses unless the deathclaw is running straight at you and just runs into all of them. Also only the plasma caster+ has a decent damage per second output compared to a tri-laser but is handicapped with the slow speed of plasma and a small number of shots. Reloading while a wounded deathclaw is rushing you is a bad idea.