I am an electrician, the easiest way to think about electrical components is like running water pipes.
Pipes are wires, switches are like on/off valves.
"Pylons and conduits serve as anchor points for wires, and you can link them to deliver power to buildings and devices located anywhere within a settlement. As long as they’re attached to a suitable power source, these connectors also radiate energy needed to power televisions, jukeboxes, and most lights.
Use switches to determine when and if power is transmitted to specific areas or devices. You’ll find everything from basic on/off switches to programmable power counters. Connect switches to terminals to access additional options; combine switches to create new effects. Like basic connectors, switches radiate the energy needed to power simple devices. Of course, this energy field is only active while a switch is turned on. " Fallout 4 eGuide
The pylons keep the wires off the ground and the power conduits allows power to be mounted to floors, walls and ceilings. Switched items allows power to be turned on or off. Pressure plates need to be stepped on to work, tripwires have to have the laser beam broken, delay switches have a time delay before switching after being activated, interval switches have timed on/off cycle and the power counter counts the times activated before turning on.
All of these can be connected to terminals to change the time, count, delay and such of the device. I hope that helped some. They are basis of all electrical components, you can basically build anything with those components if you have the time and knowledge. Good luck