I just thought I'd share my discoveries regarding the names that Codsworth can recognise and say. It's not a big topic, but I thought some might find this useful.
Firstly, a list of recognised names can be found on the Fallout Wiki: http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/Codsworth/recognized_names.
Secondly, he will recognise first names if you decide to enter a middle name, surname, or even a nickname. For example, I just created a new character called; Deckard "Daiyus" Courts. This is made up of a recognised name (as my real name isn't on the list, and I like this name), my pseudonym (Gamertag, forum ID, etc), and my actual surname. Codsworth immediately recognised "Deckard" and used it in his dialogue.
I hope this helps for anyone who wants to use a recognised name.