I think the settler cap is at 10+your character level.
So a char with character of 8 has a settler cap for each settlement of 18.
I have 19 settlers at Sanctuary. 2 of them are unique NPCs that I found and had them go to Sanctuary.
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I think the cap might have a few more 'rules' than the 10 plus character level supposition. I say that because I've not seen that confirmed from source I
can put full faith in.
My Sanctuary has seemed to max at 23 total and has been at 23 since my character hit 16 or so (as I recall)
My character is now 25 and the population is the same. Natural charisma rating of 8 since I initially created my character.
I can not forward any settlers from other settlements to Sanctuary. So 23 seems to be the hard cap in my game/save.
I read in threads elsewhere that supposedly there is a 30 settler hard cap on settlements.
But how one reaches that cap, shrug.
I recently have taken to turning off beacons anyway in far flung settlements.
The entire 'management' side of that settlement thing is a mini game in its own.
I've probably used up half or more of my total game time (60 or so real game hours ) dikeering with it.
Well, i got the feeling that the settler count is bugged, in the last days i had it several times show my main settlement having a population of 32 settlers but when i went there and opened the workshop, there where 18 again(this happend with and without fast traveling to the location) so yeah, this seems to be off.
I guess it is also probably connected to the happiness of the settlement and all i have read on forums and on the nexus, the settler cap is at 20 in the end(that is why people are eager to mod this).
Charisma has something to do with it. Wearing basic gear, I couldn't send anymore settlers to Sanctuary. Once I threw on some charasima gear, I was able to send a few more. I've got 19-20 settlers in Sanctuary, but can't send anymore, even with 11 charisma from gear.
Population max is Charisma + 10 according to official guidebook. Companions and named settlers already there (e.g., Abernathys at Abernathy Farm) count towards the total max.
Guidebook does not mention a hard cap, nor would there be a need for any as long as the Charisma + 10 rule is obeyed. Charisma could go slightly above 10 but not more than a couple of points.
I wonder how I managed to have 23 in Sanctuary though. My character has natural 8 from start. I occasionally put plus gear on her when speaking or trading,
but rarely do so.
Either sanctuary is a exception do to initial named settler NPC's or something is bugged.
Probably the latter. Grin.
I have 21.
I think it has to do with charisma
I have 6 charisma and then +5 with the outfit so a total of 11.
It's 10 + 1 settler per Charisma point you have in your SPECIAL attributes. So theoretical maximum is 20 settlers per settlement. Note that Dogmeat, your companions (and possibly any domestic watch dogs you buy off Gene the Dog vendor) will also count toward this pop cap. If you want to max your settlement population, you should consider sleeping at the RR or elsewhere with any companions in your posse.
edit: if it's 21 then does that number include your lone PC with no companions? If so, the game wouldn't restrict your PC from actively sleeping in a 20 NPC settlement. It just means that no further settlers will migrate to your camp until an NPC opening becomes available. Like sudden expiration from raider attacks since they don't appear to age like on the Sims
I think the hard cap is 30 assuming 10 points chr, clothes, mentats and other bonuses can raise it to 30 but then what happens when you take off the chr gear? It seems you beat the system and can keep over 20 if you put them there first.