Well I later killed a bunch of raiders and exited an underground station. Went through my weapons and noticed something... Odd.
My Shem Drowne Sword for no apparent reason now does 188 base damage. That can't be right, this has to be a glitch. Right?!
Edit:
All credit goes to "felisimpurrator" for finding the information about the current Yao Guai Roast glitch. I did in fact have that food item consumed, I confirmed this tonight. After sleeping in a bed for 24 hours I was able to remove the damage buff from my sword from 188 back down to 20! Thanks for the help everyone, case closed.