This is no doubt a bug in the Realtek drivers or Windows itself - but those folks are not likely to fix it.
A good half dozen times since installing Fallout 4, all windows audio has stopped, including in the middle of the Fallout 4 splash screen.
Online advice has ranged from awful - to worse, including reinstalling the audio drivers to reinstalling Windows.
In the hopes this may help a fellow Fallout 4 Windows 10 user:
1) Your Audio is working? Go away - nothing to see here.
2) Right mouse on the audio ICON at the bottom of the Windows 10 screen and select "Playback Devices".
3) On your selected device, right mouse select "Test". Works? Go away - I can't help you.
4) Since it says "Can not pay test sound", this fix is for you.
5) Open Task Manager. If you don't know what that is, find someone who does.
6) Select the "Services" tab. You used to need msc to get here. Windows 10 improvement.
7) Sort by description, and scroll down to "Windows Audio".
8) Windows Audio and Windows Audio Endpoint Builder will both say Running. In spite of that - He's dead Jim.
9) Right mouse on each and select "Restart".
10) Your audio should now work, even across reboots. No installs or reboots required to make it work.