sleep for 24 hours...check red rocket first...check sanctuary next (all 3 dog houses)...worst case scenario is accidentally sent him to the wrong place or worse you hit the "stay" button where you last saw him...may have to go to an earlier save.
I don't know what it is but there is a command that will take you to the NPC or bring him to you. You can probably find it on line in Wiki or another place.
prid 1d162
moveto player
Only works for PC.
As far as the cigar quest goes, he just appeared for me. No need to actually track him down.
Dogmeat is his own man! You cannot contain him!!
If you haven't done that quest yet, starting it might bring him back to you.
If you started the quest and he was not your companion at the time I believe he spawns in Diamond City near Kelloggs house to start following the trail. Check there, or somewhere early along the trail (head outside diamond city from Kelloggs house and look for him along the way, should take a left turn once outside Diamond City.)
Are we actually sure that is a male dog? Not that I've really looked, but I didn't see any dangly bits.
Ha, I had a caver buddy who was a farmer up in Tennessee. He had this dog that lived on his farm, it had just shown up as a stray and he took it in and it lived at the barn. Seemed like it kinda watched over his cattle. Looked like this big pit bull, Australian heeler mix, http://tw.greywool.com/i/SHYAB.jpg. Definitely had a "macho" quality to it, but definite female dog. So much so, he named it "Smut" because of how she was a magnet to all the semi-stray male dogs in the area!