Did a test in Sanctuary:
28 people with 44 beds inside houses; happiness always 87-88%
Built steel shacks with doors and 2 beds in each, removed all beds in houses and placed 28 beds in shacks;
then traveled through 3-4 days and came back; happiness stays at 88-87%
Removed all shacks and placed the 28 beds in the open;
then traveled and the happiness fell to 83%, travelled some more days but it stayed at 83%
Then built a wooden floor-roof (in floor section) over all beds in the open (no walls or foundation);
then traveled several days; happiness unchanged at 83%
But while removing the wooden floor-roof the happiness immediately fell to 80%??
built roofs over all beds now;
then traveled several days; happiness stayed at 80%
Guess Sanctuary houses are okay in game regardless of the holes.