Do your dwellers have enough water? If they're short on water they'll suffer from radiation sickness.
As PipPipPipPip said. Your dwellers demand food and water, your rooms demand energy:
- If there's not enough energy, the rooms farther away from an energy generation room will shutdown, until there's enough output to sustain the rest.
- If there's not enough food, your dwellers will take health damage.
- It there's not enough water, your dwellers will take sustained radiation damage.
So, if your water bar is on the red zone you have not enough water to sustain your dweller population (or simply you forgot to gather). So, either build more rroms, upgrade existing ones, or place more dwellers so resource rooms fill faster.