No, but the patch is live for the XB1 and I think PS4 today. So maybe it is part of that?
I haven't seen it yet. But my XB1 keeps crashing to Home or restarting the Fallout start up process, or freezing. I played for about 5 hours after the patch and boom crashes.
So once this is resolved I hope to see the captured provisioners.
On a side note is it a radiant quest? I sided with the institute and I have radiant quest to rescue captured Synths. But of course I have to keep going to the quest giver to get those quests. So you should see that in your quest log. If it was a radiant quest.
There are also quests that the settlements give out. Usually you find out about these when you talk to settlers. Usually for me it's when I'm selling to my merchants. Then one will give you a quest to rescue their friend. And kidnapping is one of the things they do. I believe your Provisioners count as one of these. So that may just be it. If it is the settlement thing you may not notice it until you go back to that settlement and one of the settlers has the quest icon over their head to turn it in. But certainly is not a obvious quest if your not big on talking to your settlers. If you don't talk to them I think those settlement quest have a timer. If you rescue them, you did it. If not you may only find it on the failed quest list.