had the same problem .........but that was dew to missing Microsoft updates (run-time library's & and net framework ext)
do a check integrity of games cache ...............SSE / property's / local files/ games cache ........if there is anything missing this will download it for you
make sure you have the latest Bethesda updates
lastly go to options in the game menu and set it to default (this will detect your video card if it has not done so already) .....if it dose the Detect thingie it will set every thing to Ultra (depending on your card) ...now the game should launch with no problems
and try running the game as a administrator