Random Visual Artifacts while gaming? That almost always points to a Video Card or Driver issue. Meaning, you have to replace one of them.
If you have an Nvidia card, try turnning off HDR and or AA and see if it changes.
I see them also, and they're not random. After watching things very carefully for a while - I'm pretty certain it's a bug in the game's particle system. The problem becomes much more noticeable in high-particle settings (like sandstorms) and it's hardly noticeable at all indoors. It looks like occasionally some particles are being displayed for a single frame as a fully opaque white circle with soft edges. As somebody who has worked with this stuff before, my guess would be that they have a particle buffer so that they don't have to constantly be creating new particles. They're probably setting the particle to some default state when it 'dies' and putting it into the buffer. My guess is their either occasionally rendering it a frame early when they pull it out for a new effect or they're accidentally rendering it for a frame after it has 'died'. It could even be a problem with a specific particle system (or systems).
My card's a GTX 480 with the latest drivers, but it *really* doesn't feel like a hardware issue to me - it's too tied to specific game conditions.
I'm going to try to get a screenshot from a FRAPS capture.