Power attack does double damage. You need a grand total of 1 point of stamina to perform a power attack. It is really that simple.

More fun facts about power attacking:
* The weight of your weapon determines how much stamina is lost from a power attack -- using heavier weapons will drain stamina faster.
* If you place a stamina absorb enchant on your weapon of choice, all you have to do to endlessly power attack your opponents is not miss (or run out of charges).
* If you power attack until your stamina is gone, it is actually in the negative numbers for a while, which is why you can't keep going... obviously, using a light weapon will make you go less negative, and thus you get a positive stamina stat faster. The only time your stamina bar is not regenerating is when it is being used or when it is full.
* As a warrior, it pays to invest into Restoration... getting the stamina healing perk can make you into a monster if you wield a one-handed weapon in one hand and the novice healing spell in the other. You can constantly regenerate health and stamina and do double damage with every swing. There is nothing stopping you from casting the healing spell and swinging your weapon at the same time.
-Loth