Like the title says, can it be done?

My only idea is to duplicate rings and filled soul gems and enchant them, then rinse and repeat. Any other ways? Just looking for the fastest way to get enchanting over with, o'course

Collect Iron Daggers, filled Soul Gems, and learn Banish. Sit and Enchant away. Enchanting is very easy to Power Level, but collecting the Materials takes a lot of time. Deciding how and what to Perk when gaining experience Enchanting is what can really hurt a Player depending on the difficulty setting.

My Mages are not hurt at all by just investing into Magicka on level ups, but a Sneak or Warrior character can be ruined because Enchanting through a few levels does not gain anything useful for actual Combat.

Smith rings and enchant them, then sell them (you don't even need to put any points into Smithing if you don't want). Beefs up Smithing, Enchanting and Speech. Throw Alchemy in there by crafting Fortify Smithing and Enchanting potions. (Or not, based on your character.)

Or if you're putting perk points into Smithing, get Dwarven Smithing, raid a Dwemer ruin and collect all the scrap metal you can carry, then smith up a bunch of Dwarven Bows, improve them, and enchant them. Banish is indeed a high-level enchantment to use; it'll raise your level very fast. If you don't have that one, Stamina Damage is surprisingly common, yet surprisingly lucrative as well.

You need a lot or soul gems.

I just started an Enchanter character a few days ago with the idea of getting Enchant as high as possible without leveling anything else if it could be avoided to get a base save that could go in several directions. The point is buying as many petty soul gems as possible ( filled or unfilled ) and soultrapping the unfilled ones as efficiently as possible. I picked a Nord and used the 2H boost to soultrap with a fiery soultrap greatsword (or just use the fiery battleaxe as is). This is surprisingly effective.

Even without any perks in 2H, capturing basic skellies and Draugrs is easy and right now I have 67 enchant at level 14 and expect to hit my target of 80 (allowing 100% cost reduction) by level 16.

Obviously you want to have the Mage stone active but other wise it's pretty straightforward; get money, buy petty soul gems and make enchanted items to sell for money to buy more.