You will show up on enemy radar when you sprint near an enemy, shoot an unsilenced weapon, or enemy spots you.
Also the Operative can highlight the whole enemy team on the minimap when interrogating an enemy or use a device on a single enemy to track his movements. (I guess there will be a counter-ability to this as well.)
Concerning how bots will react on silenced weapons, I guess it's measured by their artificial level of skill.
Technically, they know of course where you are, simply because the client which controls the bots has to know your position.
As every other player, the bots would -in theory- see the blood splatter on their screen. So even if they don't see you poppin up on the minimap, they knew from which direction you're shooting them, when using a silenced weapon.
Now on a lower difficulty-setting, the bots will probably ignore the blood-splatter for the most part, just like most players do.
However, on the highest difficulty-setting, I expect them to use this information to use it against a player. Obviously they should not turn around and instantly start shooting at you, but after they have "scanned" the general area they should be able to figure out where you are; again, just like real skilled players.