As others have said, the US Military was utilizing T-45d and T-51b suits.
The vast majority of T-51bs were either on the Chinese Mainland (Fighting the US's invasion of China in retaliation for the invasion of Alaska) or on the West Coast (Presumably awaiting shipment over to China). It's worth noting that the T-51b was the standard US Mechanized Infantry Armor at the time of the War, but it was still scarce.
The DC Area still relied on the earlier T-45d model suits, hence why that particular version is so predominant on the East Coast.
Spoiler The T-45d Suits the NCR Heavy Troopers are seen wearing, however, are not true Power Armor. In Game Dialogue Suggests these are Stripped down T-51b Suits, and the developers are just use the T-45d's model.