this is amazing. We're compiling a huge Cold War era museum right in the forum... keep up the good work..
I'll archive myself here then shall I? I used to fly a RAF Vulcan bomber in the 1950's with my eyepatch (Incase I looked at the flashes, I'd only go blind in the one eye) and my hopelesly optimistic return instructions "Land anywhere that you can - It might not be an airport".
Fun days!
The Fallout games were based entirely in reality (Or at least the reality that we thought the future would hold back in the 50's). The only thing that is unreal is that anything would survive M.A.D (Mutual assured destruction) to populate the world afterwards. You have to understand the scale of the nuclear arsnals held (And STILL held) by both sides was and is massively overpowered for the stated intention. The promise of M.A.D. was (and is) the total destruction of all life on this planet. No fish, no ants, no roaches, no nothing. If there was a chance that anything would survive, there is a chance that somebody would risk having a nuclear war if they percieved they could win. By guaranteeing that nobody could survive was the guarantee that nobody would launch an attack.
In effect, by having such large arsenals, it cancels out their use.
The real danger is in disarmament. Once the numbers of weapons fall below that required to ensure M.A.D, there is a higher chance of them being used.
This is also why it is very dangerous for countries to have nukes that don't have the capacity to ensure M.A.D. (Israel, India, Pakistan, Iran, North Korea, etc) because there is a potential perception that a war would be winable. That is why NATO has threatened that any use of nuclear weapons by smaller nations would be met with a response from them - which in return would be responded to by Russia - thus ensuring M.A.D.
Its an awfully stupid and expensive way to have peace. But there you have it, man IS stupid. Films like Dr Strangelove and games like Fallout play on this stupidity to great effect.