I just changed the hard drive on my computer, and my new one has oblivion installed but none of my previous mods. I have my old oblivion data folder saved on my external hard drive with all my old mods. Can i just copy and paste all the old mod files from my external into my oblivion data folder on my new hard drive or do i have to separately reinstall all the mods to get them to work?
As long as you are just copying the mods, yes, you can copy them over. Make sure you patch your game to the latest version first (if you do not already have the GOTY edition.)
Edit: If you were using OBMM, you should make sure to "redo" the archive invalidation. (Make sure "BSA Redirection" is set in Utilities > Archive invalidation.)