Yep: wardrobes, cupboards, dressers, and endtables. Some of the ones in the whelp quarters are owned, but there is a dresser and I think a cupboard in there that I've used. Just watch for the "steal from" notice when you're looking around. Jorrvaskr has tons of storage.
The one on the back wall as you enter the quarters is what I used. However, I do not recall if I was absent fro more than 30 days. I assume it would reset after that time. I know that your quarters at the College will reset and you will loose everything stored there if you are gone for more than 30 days at a time.
I used the single chest at Breezehome for a while, but it stored everything in one category and it was hard to manage things. Besides I couldn't see spending 5,000g on a storage chest.
againDead bodies found around a certain shrine are good containers. That is rather morbid, but so are most of my characters. Even if you drag them somewhere else and they reset to the shrine, they will still have all of your stuff.
EDIT : I recall CCNA ( the moderator) doing some testing a while back and his findings was that if a container was labeled as "Chest", it was considered to be a safe container and would not reset.