Medicine Scientist:
Obviously, this one is going to be an alchemist with a nicer name that doesn't sell any poisons he makes while making medications and learning about the medical uses for everything. He will only sell poisons to fletchers and throw any potions that have harmful side effects out into a bandit camp. Like every other scientist I will be giving the build for, he can use armor if he wants. What matters is selling your helpful potions to the places that sell potions and being careful about selling poisons.
Primary Skills: Alchemy
Extra notes: You can use any other skill. This can be an evil medicine guy if you want. Anything goes. Just make sure he lives off of peddling his medications.
Zoologist:
This one is going to be big on archery and studies the behaviors of every creature. It's okay to fight either way, but any parts of the animal or creature that drop are usually going to be used for study purposes. You are going to be keeping extras for the purpose of seeing if you find anything different about a new specimen. If you feel like bothering, you can also decorate your home. Many books on the shelves will likely be about the creatures of Skyrim, so keep those around. Once you learn all you need to about that wolf pelt, for example, you might want to see how they react to colder weather.
You are going to need to learn tons of patience when it comes to observing animals and creatures, so be sure you don't mind trial and error while out in the field.
Primary Skills: Archery and Alchemy(the alchemy is for learning what the animal parts do when given something to react to)
Extra Notes: Yes, you can study dragons if you want.
I have more ideas to come, and if anyone has any other scientist build ideas, give them to us. You never know what great ideas come out of this! Good luck.