Join the club buddy! I've been stuck on this for a month i'm at level 61 and I really don't want to start over again, I can talk to him but all he says is that he doesn't have time to talk to me yet, maybe later...and like you the quest A cornered rat never appeared in my main quest line, and that stupid esbern in the ratway doesn't have any dialogue options, just stand there behind his door and tells me to go away. And neither the barkeep in the inn or the one in the ratway will help me or talk about esbern.
even went back to the greybeards and delphine in riverwwod, but sadly nothing happens. I mean I can live with texture bug, rendering bug, but this really svckS.
I've been playing the serie since daggerfall (morrowind, oblivion and skyrim on the 360) but as of yet I've never seen so many major bug on a main story line from bethesda.
So went back and played fallout-new vegas instead...for now
still hoping...