Unless it's been fixed, shotgun sneak attack damage is only screwed up in VATS. Each pellet might only have 9 damage, and give 9 crit damage, but when all 14 pellets from Big Boomer hit a sheak headshot, that's a bunch. In VATS, you get the 14x9 regular damage, but only 9 crit damage. I haven't tested to see if it's still bugged like that or not. I'll look at it if I can. I also wanna see how much damage a sneak headshot with a missle launcher and a fatman do.
Edit: Results of some not so SCIENTIFIC! testing with sneak attack headshots:
Fatman - 997 dam
Missle Launcher - 322 dam
Annabelle w/HE - 410 dam
Tesla-Beaton w/max charge - 860 dam
And the VATS/shotgun crit problem seems to still be there. I had significantly higher damage outside of vats than in vats.
-Gunny out.
Look like New Vegas has the opposite effect from Fallout 3, in fallout 3 the critical damage from shotguns was very typically half the full damage say 80 in base damage, and 40 in critical, for the terrible shotgun.
http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/The_Terrible_Shotgun
as seen in the bottom, this rivaled fatmans damage against single targets.
Sneak attack did 2*(80+9*40)=880 outside of VAT, headshots single kills overlords and reavers,
My favorite in Fallout 3 was actual the laser shotgun from the pit, less damage but so low spread I could do headshots at medium ranges.
In New Vegas shotgun critical damage is closer to the damage of each shot, say 10, with 7 shots doing 10 damage, sneak hit will do 2*(70+7*10)=240, still decent but in VAT its only 2*(70+1*7)=154 who is not impressing, bad if you factor in the huge spread they have in VAT.