I love that show. It also proved that blades are hugely ineffective against armour (fancy katana vs viking chainmail, chainmail wins)
As for throwing weapons none have really been too effective. Spartan javelin, ninja star, highland ball and chain. They've all been kinda meh
I love when they use armor. The katanas slashing/chopping attack couldn't get through chainmail, but the rajput katara (a stabber) got through the Roman mail easily. The Roman mail was obviously thinner, however. But pistols and such were shown to have trouble penetrating plate.
And throwing weapons are not very
deadly which is of paramount importance to the show. But, they are distracting, or disarming. And the Viking throwing spear was able to penetrate 4 inches of a pine log, which is pretty damn impressive.
And to add to the archery convo, I think the heavy draw weight of the longbow is what made the crossbow so appealing. Although the longbow was a peasants weapon, the peasants were required (by law) to train with it, which over the years gave them the strength to use it (in addition to swinging farm tools around all day) but the skeletons of professional archers were shown to have bone spurs where the muscles attach, and oversized arm bones, evidence of extreme muscle growth and strength. A crossbow of similar strength could be ratcheted in increments, so a weaker man could get the same power, and better accuracy, with less training, although each shot is slower.