I would post screenshots but I dunno how on that site ^^
There are signs that a certain faction uses that involve symbols (arrows, squares, dots) surrounded by sun rays, drawn in white chalk.
I have found a few of these. The first was at "Bedford Station" where you get "The Dutchman" quest. They seem to indicate that something decent is hidden close by. You usually get a caps stash and something else (either ammo or medsor weapons). I have found anything from stimpacks to mini-nukes.
They are signs for a specific in game organization. Follow the Freedom Trail to find out more.