You don't just walk downstairs and say "Hi, is this the Thieves Guild? I want in!" You have to prove yourself, just like the other guilds. The Empire hasn't done anything about them because (until after the Civil War quests) the Empire doesn't have any presence in The Rift. As well, the guards in Riften are all payed off in full by Maven Black-Briar so they certainly arent going to oust them. I too noticed the guards knew I was in the thieves guild but I may have had a different set of dialog as they said something along the lines of "I recognize that armor, thats thieves guild wares, I've got my eye on you." because I was wearing the full suit at the time. The thieves used to be a big deal, just not anymore so there isn't really a reason for the guards to show you the boot. But they arent stupid enough to just let you have free reign.
As for the thieves guild killing too many people: Without spoiling anything there are some problems in the guild that have to be fixed and there are only so may ways of doing that. As for the poisoning of a guard, he doesnt die. He doesn't even get sick, he just tastes a little poison like you want him to. Like they say when you first join up, dead people don't make more gold. With regards to the lack of "sneaking" involved: That is only because you didn't sneak enough. I've managed to do most of the missions in the thieves guild without harming a single person. If you want to murder everyone, you can. But you dont have to.
Meh...good job spoiling the mission there guy...(I didn't want to talk about it, but just the basis around it). The problem is..he didn't just "Taste it". The Captain said, "This isn't WINE, This is MEAD! You don't sit and savor it! you DRINK it!"...Thats not a TASTE...The guy chugged his glass. lol He CHUGGED poison.
Same with the leader stating, "Maven asked for you by name..." Maven aint the leader of the theives guild, so him telling some one outside of the guild my name, isn't Smart. If he wants me to get things done, he won't be slinging my name around, I don't care how rich the person wants to know that info, you tell that person, "WE Are handling things...you need us to do another job?"
And na, I don't wear my theives guild armor, I put them in a chest at home and left them alone. @_@ I wear my Daedric Items I made myself. (I'm level 34 btw, and didn't use Smithing to power level LOL. I mostly used my perks in it so I can actually use make dragon armor. I'm an Orc, Sneaking-Two-Handers-Archery-Speechcraft-Conjuration-Blacksmithing-Heavy Armor are my main things I touch base on. I made an Orc Reaver/Raider with atleast one magic to play with on my first time around. I wanted to see what daedric armor looks like/dragon armor (Seeing I collected bones/scales) looks like, and the conjured demons cause I'm always a fan of flame atronach and summoning skeleton warriors. :3).