When I play Elder Scrolls games, I just imagine every city I visit is actually a district of the city called the Jarls/Mayors/Emperors district where the Emperor resides and the surrounding area, I pretend there is actually a massive huge second walled section of the city outside that area.

What would be the true population of Cyrodiil, is there any reference to this in the Lore? The best information on Demographics is here.

http://www.uesp.net/wiki/Lore:Demographics

It gives a total % for all races in Tamriel at the bottom. I would say Tamriel is about the size of Russia, considering that Daggerfalls total size is about the size of Great Britain and you can fit around 40-50 Great Britian's in all of Tamriel. I would say Tamriel is about 70-75% the size of Russia.

These are my estimates for the population of each province. For each Province, the rural/urban population would be about half and half or a little more for the rural population. Rural people would live in isolated Hamlets or lone homes along with living in small towns with less then 50,000 people. All towns would be less then 50,000, to be considered a city I think a community in the Elder Scrolls Lore would need at least 100,000 people.

Cyrodiil: 27 million people

Morrowind: 15 million

Hammerfell: 12 million

Black Marsh: 11 million

Skyrim: 9.7 million

SummerSet Isle: 9.6 million

Valenwood: 9.5 million

Elsweyr: 8.5 million

High Rock: 8.3 million

The total population of Tamriel would be about 110-117 million people. I did not add it all up with a calculator I just calculated it quickly with my brain so I could be wrong.

Does anyone agree or disagree with my estimates? Or do you think more people live in Tamriel? I don't think so, considering there are about 7-9 major cities in every province. The largest city in Tamriel would be the Imperial city and it would have about 1.5 million people, the rest of the cities would have 500-800,000 people but no more then that. Cyrodiil would obviously have to be the most populous Province since it is the cosmopolitan and center of the Empire.

As for how many people would be serving in the military. For the Empire, having a total population of about 95 million people. 7 million people would be serving in the army, this number does not include independent groups like the Fighters guild though the Fighters guild can still be called upon to serve the Empire. I would classify them as "independent reserves" bringing the total number of warriors/mages serving in the Empires army to 8.2 million people. About 9.1% of the population in the Empire would be serving in the army, this does not include non combatant workers/smiths in the military nor does it include the Imperial Navy.

As for the Aldmeri Dominion which consist of Summerset Isle and Valenwood. They would have resort to conscription to deal with the massive army the Empire has. I would say their army is about 7.5 million strong but only 4 million of those are actually recruited from Valenwood and Summerset Isle, the rest are High Elf/Wood Elf bandits/outlaws given a better life in the military along with High Elf/Wood Elf individuals recruited from the Empire. These people would be against the Empire or would have been given offers by secret Thalmor agents deep in Imperial Territory for a secret recruiting campaign. But about 3 million would be Elf outlaws/bandits/ Mercenaries/High Elfs and Wood Elfs in Morrowind/Hammerfell. The Empire lost direct control over those to Provinces.

Empires Army: 8.2 million

Aldmeri Dominion: 7.5 million

The Empire also had to deal with the Stormcloak rebellion so they would have ended up sending 700,000 soldiers to secure Skyrim. Most of the Imperial soldiers in Skyrim I would say are Light Infantry.