oooooooh, what fun
I really intend to read all the rest of this thread, but I want to add something of my own that comes from me to start.
What is a God? Does this mean a God is What? Heh, semantic cheatings.
As far as I have read only one person hit this point in RL terms when mentioning the Abrahamic Tradition. But we have modern theories that state that the Jewish religion only turned to the One God thing with the influence of Akhenahten and helped along by Moses - along with some influence that arrived in Palestine/Israel from further east.
But what we have in ES is more Romanic than Judo-Islamic-Christian
And more Icelandic/Nordic in my opinion than all of those put together.
- It does start out with a sort of 'divine' Principal - the beginning of things. See Norse
- That splits - and seen as through a glass darkly we also have the antithesis of the Gods - Daedra/Frost Giants/Devil and fallen angels etc ... see various plus Norse
- and then we have the family/Enki thing later taken up by the Greeks, Romans and Catholics also Norse
- and then that not only gets buried in the numbers - see the Norse Myths and legends where there are a whole lot of gods that are not obviously direct family so much as members of the tribe of Asgardians and hardly mentioned nowadays as well as the naughty guys.
Note that various 'Gods' of Tamriel are held to represent various aspects of things - not just of nature, but also human/mer/mortals striving / attempting to identify what is a bit beyond them with something on their level so they can relate to it.
So we get back to what a God is. Is a God for example the actual essence of a force of nature or something aware but so powerful and so far beyond the abilities of the peoples of that time that they attribute a force of nature to it?
In Morrowind it was possible to get close to God-like power as a player - but it was a very finite power. You could raise your stats to the thousands using alchemy and get increasing effects, but you still could not destroy a small building?
Likewise you could permanently raise your skills to the thousands, but there was no mechanism that would raise the effects of those skills past a certain point on or near the one hundred.
The Tribunal's source of power appeared to be both mechanically drawn from the Heart and (my speculation) via the shrines from the belief of the people. And it seemed the shrines also gave back some of that belief transformed to spell power.
And here we fullfil the circle/spiral:
So as beauty is in the eye of the beholder we can also say that Godhood is in the belief of the worshipper. Therefore it does exist so long as that belief exists. But also that in Tamriel there is something measurable that exists beyond that and has its own reality and is simply known as mana and power that can be accessed in vast quantity according to the nature of the accessor. But how can we measure the thought processses of Gods - the extent of their comprehension? That was one thing the Tribunal in their flawed way attempted to explicate and exploit.
It is up to you whether you define a certain level as Godhood, but the force of it is quite possibly immortal and definitely has reality.
It also appears that such levels of power can be arrived at in different ways, and that many such focii/gods/immortals/saints/daedra are uhokerrable ancient (perhaps from the creation of the Nirnian Universe) and maybe were spontaneously/naturally generated in their known form and others more modern arrived at their form by a consciously devised process that started with them being of mortal kind.
It is notable that the Daedra do not denigrate any attempts to achieve this godhood other than the route that the Dwemer, Dagoth Ur and the Tribunal took = through the constraining through a process of order the immortal heart of an ancient and reputedly at least partially chaotic being.
Let me suggest something new here at the risk of the literary/mystical equivalent of anthopomorphisising:
What if the Daedra themselves are actually formed of the belief of the souls/spirits that inhabit their realms in Oblivion? Or possible from the actions/beliefs of a now extinct race and that as their source of being now lies immutable in the deepest past it can no longer be destroyed and so they can no longer be destroyed by direct means?
However this suggests that the reason for their disgust and possibly fear at the methods of the Dwemer, and the actions of the Tribunal and Dagoth Ur was that they were intercepting the stream of power from to or from the Heart of a chaotic Spirit - remember that the knife is used to sever in the ritual? Maybe that way a Prince of the Daedra can be forever enslaved or even be destroyed? Who knows?
Please also consider that the Empire had been acquiring the technology of the Dwemer ... and that the Emperor was responsible for certain projects that emulated the Dwemer ... Numidium