I haven't seen any other big energy source in TES world (Heart of Lorkhan, Eye of Magnus maybe), so let me play this train of thought for a little longer.
Plants on Tamriel are more abundant in areas rich in light, in dungeons (Blackreach is clearly an exception, but the giant glowing mushrooms there can be the source of energy) there are only a few of them. So that means plants need light, such as real Earth plants needs light too. When the TES Sun can't be seen theres darkness (really surprising) so light comes from the Sun, so that means that a part of magic is light. On the other hand TES Sun not only gives light but it gives heat as well, so that means that heat is also a part of magic. Where's magic, there's heat and light as well and maybe in TES world these things are not at all different. I'm not sure about the other continents but on Tamriel the only vulcano (correct me if I'm wrong) is Red Mountain, which grown on the top of Heart of Lorkhan, a very powerfull artifact with great magical potencial. Maybe the Heart radiates some of it's magic (=heat) and that energy melts rocks creating lava and by eruptions the mountain itself.
While Magnus (magic) was fully present in Mundus the realm was very unstable. This was caused by the incredible amount of energy that Magnus represented.
According to the previous thougths magic is a form of energy that is easily transformable when certain circumstances are present. It is possible that when magic flows through the Sun and collides with air it is altered into light and heat, and every big energy source (Heart of Lorkhan, Eye of Magnus maybe) causes similar effects. Magic users can use direct magic energy (from the Sun, from HoL, form EoM, from artifacts, from other sources) or they can transform changed energy forms (=light, heat, muscle strength) back to "clear" magic. Then they can shape this energy with their mind to reach the desired effect and this procedure is called spellcasting.
So according to my theory there's only one kind of energy in TES world: magic. Magic makes the crop grow, the wind blow, the lava boil and the firebolt fly.
Please share your thoughts about my idea!