Look again at the post-war shot of the outside of vault 111 where we can see the dog. Notice how the lift-shaft going down to vault level actually looks like a submarine hatch. Also, note that the red wheel on the lift controls looks like the ones used to seal off different areas inside a submarine. This would certainly make sense when viewed alongside all of the other naval references in the game, such as the pictures and the flag in the player house, the proximity to Charlestown Navy Yard, and of course the revamped USS Constitution we see in the trailer.
In addition to this, if we look again at the outside of the vault door, apart from the huge number 111 in the centre, we can see 4 areas with writing on them. At the top-right of the door we see the words "PURGE VALVE", and next to this it says "DANGER! TAMPERING MAY LEAD TO LOSS OF LIFE". On the left of the door are the words "VAULT-TEC SOCIETAL PRESERVATION PROGRAMME", which even further supports the idea of cryogenics, and most importantly, near the bottom of the door it says "WARNING: PRESSURIZED - STAND 10 METRES BACK DURING INITIAL PURGE BELL, DO NOT APPROACH UNTIL ALL CLEAR".
From all of this, especially the warning message, we can safely assume that the vault contains a number of compression chambers, one of which would be the area inside the vault behind the main door, the same area we find the dead scientist. Other areas would include the main vault area and the lift-shaft. This ties in with all of the silver flexible ducting we see, similar to that used in industrial air-conditioning systems, and also the yellow pipes at surface level that appear to have some kind of pressure-valve at the end.
Taking this a step further, we can then also assume that atmospheric control plays a vital part in the success of the cryogenic process. The inside of the vault will most likely have to be maintained at very high pressure levels, similar to those found at the bottom of the sea. If this is the case, the scientist with the Pip-Boy, who's skeleton in on the floor next to the controls for the vault door, must have been killed by massive overpressure before he was able to get into the main vault. The re-pressurization would have been triggered by the last person going through the inner-door to the main area of the vault, who then sealed the door to keep them all safe from the bombs, but ended up trapping and subsequently killing the scientist.
EDIT: the red wheel on the surface is used to depressurize the lift-shaft to allow people to enter the main vault level.
Here is an update on the possible 'submarine'/cryogenics connection inside vault 111:
- The vault is built around the concept of a submarine, and is designed to maintain extremely high pressure levels
- There are 4 separate zones: the lift-shaft, the vault door area, the access-level, and then the vault itself
- Each zone is maintained at progressively higher pressure levels, similar to how pressure increases with ocean depth
- This progression would allow the integrity of the vault to be maintained, with the lowest pressure near surface level
- The scientist we see died in zone 2 - the door area. This is where we find the Pip-Boy on our way out of the vault
- The cryogenic pods are at base level, where the pressure would be similar to that of being on the sea-bed
- The extreme pressure levels would stop blood from crystallizing as temperatures rapidly drop well below zero
- Under these conditions, all cell activity would stop, effectively halting the ageing process
- Over an extended time-frame, the slightest imperfection in any given pod would result in a breach of the outer shell
- If this occurred, whoever was in the pod at the time would be killed instantly as their body is crushed
- Any pods that are correctly pressurised would be capable of supporting stasis almost indefinitely
- The only pods that remain intact for the duration are those of our protagonist, and of his family
- Our protagonist is brought out of stasis after a system failure causes the vault to return to surface conditions
EDIT: just to clarify, there are design elements that suggest similarities, I do not literally mean that vault 111 could be used as a submarine