Are the inventories of these dealers randomized? I have been to the Arms Dearler at 188 and Alexander multiple times and neither one ever has the sniper rifle suppressor. I can't buy it from the vendortron at Gun Runners because one of their guards starts randomly attacking me every time I get near the place. Anybody know how I can get ahold of this mod?
Yes they are randomized. They reset on their own about once per game week, but if you park yourself in another cell (say, the Novac motel room) and wait/sleep for 73 hours, most merchants will reset their inventories with new stuff. Alternatively, if you are on PC, it's possible to forcibly reset merchants by saving your game right next to them, exiting the game, then loading back in (note: simply saving, then reloading will not do it).
As far as the guard attacking you? Finish the Crimson Caravan quest to raid the Gun Runners for their schematics/plans, or tell McLafferty that you do not feel comfortable doing so - that should turn their aggression off, shutting the chainlink gate may also help.