So during Todd Howard's presentation, he mentioned that you (the player character) are in Vault 111 for 200 years, then you're the "Sole Survivor", i.e everyone else dies, and you leave. What could have happened that wiped out everyone but you?
A few possibilities:
1) If indeed you're cryogenically frozen/artificially preserved (like House was), perhaps a malfunction occured, and by chance your pod or whatever was spared.
2) An attack from the outside. Since the Vaults can be opened from the outside (although only if opened from inside or with a code), maybe an outisde force managed to get in and attack the Vault. Maybe a breach from underground, even. Likely culprits could be Raider, Super Mutants, maybe even the Brotherhood of Steel.
3) Civil War/Mutiny. Maybe some sinister experiment is going on in the Vault, and just like Vault 11 there was a civil war which only you survive.
That's all I've got.