nope, not that iv found, and enemy's spells level with you, unlike yours
You can brew %damage enhancing potions for spells (and 1H/2H/Bow) but unlike physical damage which you can further enhance with weapon upgrades and armor enchantments, spell damage caps fairly early in the game.
The kicker for me is the inability to combine spell effects into new spells. Why cant I cast a shield, conjure a sword and summon a dremora with one hand damn it, why must I use a lame interface to switch spells mid combat all the time.
You can't even use most of the self buff spells on your followers/minions, they simply don't give you the option to cast an armor buff, invisiblity or muffle on your allies.